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शरीरवाङ्मनोभिर्यत्कर्म प्रारभते नरः।न्याय्यं वा विपरीतं वा पञ्चैते तस्य हेतवः।।18.15।।

śharīra-vāṅ-manobhir yat karma prārabhate naraḥ nyāyyaṁ vā viparītaṁ vā pañchaite tasya hetavaḥ

Sanskrit Chant Recitation
Chapter 18, Verse 15
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Scripture Translation Room

Sanskrit to English Translation

Translator:
Whatever action a person performs with their body, speech, and mind, whether right or wrong, these five are its causes.

A Reading - Rantideb

Why: whatever action a person undertakes, by body, speech, or mind, whether right or wrong, these five are its causes, extending the same five-factor framework across every type of action, not just physical undertakings.

In life: even a purely verbal or mental action, an important conversation, a difficult decision, is shaped by this same combination of factors, not purely by your own isolated intention alone.

Teaching: apply this same five-factor breakdown to a recent conversation or mental decision, not just a physical undertaking, noticing how circumstance and available means shaped the outcome alongside your own intention.

śharīra-vāk-manobhiḥwith body, speech, or mind
yatwhich
karmaaction
prārabhateperforms
naraḥa person
nyāyyamproper
vāor
viparītamimproper
vāor
pañchafive
etethese
tasyatheir
hetavaḥfactors

Deep Classical Commentary (Bhashya)

Author:
18.15 शरीरवाङ्मनोभिः by (his) body? speech and mind? यत् whatever? कर्म action? प्रारभते performs? नरः man? न्याय्यम् right? वा or? विपरीतम् the reverse? वा or? पञ्च five? एते these? तस्य its? हेतवः causes.Commentary Nyayyam Right Not opposed to Dharma conformable to the scriptures justifiable.Viparitam The opposite What is opposite to Dharma and opposed to the scriptures unjustifiable.Even those actions? -- acts like winking and the like which are necessary conditions of life? are indicated by the term the right and the reverse? as they are effects of past Dharma and Adharma.Tasya Hetavah Its Causes The causes of every action.An objector argues In the previous verse it is said that the body? actor? various organs? etc.? are the necessary factors of every action. Why do you then make a distinction in actions by saying whatever action a man does by the body? speech and mindOur answer is In the performance of every action? one of the three -- body? speech or mind -- has a more prominent share than the others while seeing? hearing and other activities which accompany or go along with life are subordinate to that one.Therefore all actions are classified under three groups and are spoken of as done by the body or speech or mind. The fruit of an actions also is enjoyed through the body? speech and mind and one of the three takes a more prominent share than the rest. Therefore? it is proper to say Whatever action a man performs with his body? speech and mind৷৷.